Campaign Commonsreceipts, not conclusions
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US Senate 2024Pennsylvania

Election held ·

Notable candidates

Democratic Party

Money Trails · Pennsylvania · U.S. Senate · 2024

Who is spending for or against Bob Casey?

Outside groups reported $126M in independent expenditures about Bob Casey: $104M opposing and $22M supporting. The largest was SENATE LEADERSHIP FUND (Super PAC), $53M opposing.

Records behind this sentence:totals ↗SENATE LEADERSHIP FUND ↗

Start with @graph to draw the answer as a flow diagram.

Spent supporting
$22MFEC ↗
Spent opposing
$104MFEC ↗
All independent expenditures
$126MFEC ↗
paid to the spenders' vendors, not to the candidate

Who declared spending about Bob Casey

  • targeting edge — the spender's for/against declaration; no money reaches the candidate

Assumptions and limits

  • "Spent against" and "spent for" are independent expenditures (FEC Schedule E): the spender's own declaration about a candidate, paid to the spender's vendors. None of this money reaches the candidate.
  • Totals are the FEC's candidate-level Schedule E summary; the spender rows are the committees in this race's ledger and account for $126M of that total. 24/48-hour notices are collapsed onto the periodic report for the same spend.
  • Support / oppose is the spender's own declaration, not a reading of the ad.

Want the money side? Open a spender's its funders link, or ask “Who funds SENATE LEADERSHIP FUND?”

How the question is read. Questions are answered by a language model that writes one read-only query over the filings graph; the site validates and runs it and shows every returned row with its filing source, and the model's summary is withheld unless every number in it is in those rows. When a precomputed page matches the question it is linked as a related page. Where the graph is not connected, the browser matcher picks a page instead.

On issue pages the groups' stated positions were read from their own sites by a model offline and kept only where the quote appears verbatim on the page; each is labelled verified or unverified.

How the answers were built. Answers are precomputed from this race's ledger, ads, chain and entity files by pipeline/campaign_commons/trails.py; no language model or graph database is involved in building them. Three questions are supported: who is spending for/against a candidate (Schedule E), who paid for the ads about a candidate (ad sponsors, their Schedule E about the candidate, and each sponsor's own funders), and who funds a committee (its receipts hop by hop). Every figure links to the FEC or Google record it was read from. Money edges and targeting edges are separate; an independent expenditure moves no money to a candidate, and a funder is never joined to a particular ad because pooled dollars cannot be allocated that way.